Medical conditions library
Doctor-reviewed explainers for the most-searched conditions where lab tests carry weight. Each entry links to the primary markers, the symptoms to watch for, and the next clinical step.
Iron-deficiency anaemia
The most common form of anaemia, caused by depleted iron stores. Fully treatable with iron repletion once the source of loss is found.
Read → ICD-10 R73.03Prediabetes
Blood sugar elevated above normal but not yet at the diabetes threshold. Reversible in most patients with structured lifestyle change.
Read → ICD-10 E03.9Hypothyroidism
Underactive thyroid — the gland produces too little hormone. The leading global cause in iodine-replete populations is autoimmune (Hashimoto's).
Read → ICD-10 E11Type 2 Diabetes
Insulin resistance plus relative beta-cell decline. The leading metabolic disease worldwide, often reversible or remitting in early stages with weight loss.
Read → ICD-10 E88.81Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of cardio-metabolic abnormalities — central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, hypertension — that together raise diabetes and cardiovascular risk far beyond any single component.
Read → ICD-10 E05.9Hyperthyroidism
Overactive thyroid producing excess hormone. Suppresses TSH near zero; Graves' disease is the leading global cause.
Read → ICD-10 K76.0Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Excess fat accumulation in the liver unrelated to alcohol. The most common chronic liver disease worldwide and the leading cause of mildly elevated liver enzymes.
Read → ICD-10 I10Hypertension
Chronically elevated blood pressure. The largest single contributor to cardiovascular and stroke risk globally; usually asymptomatic until end-organ damage appears.
Read → ICD-10 D63.8Anaemia of Chronic Disease
A normocytic anaemia caused by chronic inflammation, infection or malignancy. The second-most-common anaemia worldwide after iron deficiency.
Read → ICD-10 M10Gout
Crystal-arthritis caused by monosodium urate deposition. Classically a sudden, exquisitely painful big-toe attack — but the long-term picture is a chronic disease driven by elevated uric acid.
Read → ICD-10 K76.0Fatty Liver Disease
Excess fat accumulation in liver cells, regardless of cause. Covers the spectrum from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic liver disease — the most common chronic liver pathology worldwide.
Read → ICD-10 E88.81Insulin Resistance
The upstream metabolic defect behind prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome. Reversible in most patients caught early — but rarely measured because fasting insulin is uncommon on routine panels.
Read → ICD-10 M81Osteoporosis
Loss of bone density and strength that raises fracture risk. Silent until a fracture occurs — the lab work-up identifies treatable contributors.
Read → ICD-10 K21.9Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Chronic acid reflux causing heartburn, regurgitation and oesophageal injury. One of the most common chronic GI conditions — lifestyle and acid suppression are first-line treatment.
Read → ICD-10 E28.2Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Endocrine disorder affecting roughly 10% of women of reproductive age. Combines irregular periods, androgen excess and ovarian morphology — the metabolic dimension drives lab work-up.
Read → ICD-10 M06.9Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic autoimmune disease causing symmetric inflammation of multiple joints. Early diagnosis and disease-modifying therapy prevent the joint destruction that defined RA a generation ago.
Read → ICD-10 J45Asthma
Chronic airway inflammation causing reversible bronchoconstriction. Diagnosed clinically and by spirometry; lab work plays a supporting role.
Read → ICD-10 E55.9Vitamin D deficiency
One of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide, easily corrected with supplementation once recognised.
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