Are these reference ranges the same at every lab?

No - ranges vary by laboratory, method, age and sex. Always compare your value to the range your own lab prints next to it.

What does it mean if my value is outside the range?

It's flagged for attention, not a diagnosis - many out-of-range values are minor or transient. Read it in context and discuss with your doctor.

Reference chart

Normal blood-test reference ranges (adult chart)

A doctor-reviewed chart of typical adult reference ranges for common blood-test markers, grouped by body system. Your own lab prints its exact range next to each value - use this as a guide, not a substitute.

Cardiovascular

Marker	Adult range	Unit
Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1)	1.1–2	g/L
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)	40–100	mg/dL
HDL Cholesterol	> 40	mg/dL
LDL Cholesterol	< 100	mg/dL
LDL particle number (LDL-P)	0–1000	nmol/L
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a))	0–75	nmol/L
Lp-PLA2 (lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2)	0–200	ng/mL
Non-HDL cholesterol	80–130	mg/dL
Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL)	0–60	U/L
Remnant cholesterol	0–30	mg/dL
Total Cholesterol	< 200	mg/dL
Triglycerides	40–150	mg/dL

Metabolic & blood sugar

Marker	Adult range	Unit
C-peptide	0.5–2	ng/mL
Fasting Blood Glucose	70–99	mg/dL
Fructosamine	200–285	umol/L
G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)	6–20	U/g Hb
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)	4–5.6	%
Insulin (Fasting)	2–25	µU/mL
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)	60–300	ng/mL

Liver

Marker	Adult range	Unit
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)	25–35	seconds
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)	7–40	U/L
Albumin	3.5–5	g/dL
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)	30–125	U/L
Alpha-1-antitrypsin	1–2	g/L
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)	0–10	ng/mL
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)	8–40	U/L
Bilirubin	0.1–1.2	mg/dL
Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase	6–20	µg/L
CA 15-3 (breast cancer marker)	0–30	U/mL
Direct (conjugated) bilirubin	0–5	µmol/L
Faecal calprotectin	0–50	µg/g
Fecal elastase-1	200–500	µg/g
FGF-23 (fibroblast growth factor 23)	0–60	pg/mL
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)	5–50	U/L
Gastrin	0–100	pg/mL
Microalbumin (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio)	0–30	mg/g creat
Urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR)	0–30	mg/g

Kidney

Marker	Adult range	Unit
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)	7–20	mg/dL
Creatinine	0.6–1.3	mg/dL
Cystatin C	0.5–1	mg/L
Estimated GFR (eGFR)	> 90	mL/min/1.73m²
Urea	2.5–7.8	mmol/L
Uric Acid	2.5–7	mg/dL

Thyroid

Marker	Adult range	Unit
Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO)	0–35	IU/mL
Free T3 (Free Triiodothyronine)	2.3–4.2	pg/mL
Free T4 (Free Thyroxine)	0.8–1.8	ng/dL
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)	15–65	pg/mL
Reverse T3 (rT3)	8–25	ng/dL
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)	0.4–4	mIU/L
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)	13–30	mg/L
TSH-receptor antibody (TRAb / TSI)	0–1.75	IU/L

Blood count

Marker	Adult range	Unit
ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)	0–20	U/mL
Basophils	0–0.1	10^9/L
Eosinophils	0–0.5	10^9/L
Hematocrit (HCT)	36–50	%
Hemoglobin	12–17.5	g/dL
Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2)	2–3.3	%
Hemoglobin electrophoresis	0–0	%
Lymphocytes	1–4	10^9/L
MCHC (mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration)	320–360	g/L
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)	27–33	pg
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)	80–100	fL
Methemoglobin	0–1.5	%
Monocytes	0.2–1	10^9/L
MPV (mean platelet volume)	7.5–11.5	fL
Neutrophils	2–7.5	10^9/L
Nucleated red blood cells (NRBC)	0–0	/100 WBC
Platelet Count	150–450	10^9/L
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)	4–5.9	10^12/L
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)	11.5–14.5	%
Reticulocyte hemoglobin (Ret-He)	28–35	pg
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)	4–11	10^9/L

Inflammation

Marker	Adult range	Unit
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)	< 3	mg/L
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)	0–20	mm/hr
hs-CRP (high-sensitivity CRP)	0–3	mg/L
Procalcitonin (PCT)	0–0.1	ng/mL

Nutrition & vitamins

Marker	Adult range	Unit
Biotin (vitamin B7)	133–329	ng/L
Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)	18–72	pg/mL
Ferritin	30–300	ng/mL
Folate (Vitamin B9)	3–20	ng/mL
Serum Iron	60–170	µg/dL
Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC)	240–450	µg/dL
Transferrin	200–360	mg/dL
Transferrin saturation	20–50	%
Vitamin A (retinol)	1–3	umol/L
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)	70–180	nmol/L
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)	200–900	pg/mL
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)	4–24	nmol/L
Vitamin B3 (niacin)	0.5–8.9	µg/mL
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)	200–1800	µg/L
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)	20–120	nmol/L
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)	25–85	umol/L
Vitamin D (25-OH)	30–100	ng/mL
Vitamin E (tocopherol)	12–42	umol/L
Vitamin K	0.5–3	nmol/L

Electrolytes & minerals

Marker	Adult range	Unit
Bicarbonate (CO2)	22–29	mmol/L
Calcium (Total)	8.5–10.5	mg/dL
Chloride	98–107	mmol/L
Magnesium	1.7–2.2	mg/dL
Phosphate (phosphorus)	2.5–4.5	mg/dL
Potassium	3.5–5	mmol/L
Sodium	135–145	mmol/L
Urine sodium	0–0	mmol/L

Other

Marker	Adult range	Unit
11-deoxycortisol	10–79	ng/dL
17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP)	0.6–6.7	nmol/L
24-hour urine protein	0–150	mg/24h
5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid)	2–8	mg/24h
5'-nucleotidase	2–15	U/L
Acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR)	0–0.4	nmol/L
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)	7–63	pg/mL
Aldosterone	3–16	ng/dL
Aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR)	0–30	ratio
Ammonia	10–45	umol/L
Amylase	30–110	U/L
Androstenedione (A4)	30–200	ng/dL
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)	8–52	U/L
Anion gap	4–12	mmol/L
Anti-CCP antibodies	0–20	U/mL
Anti-centromere antibody (ACA)	0–7	U/mL
Anti-dsDNA antibodies	0–30	IU/mL
Anti-endomysial antibody (EMA)	0–0	titre
Anti-Jo-1 antibody	0–7	U/mL
Anti-La/SSB antibody	0–7	U/mL
Anti-LKM-1 (liver-kidney microsomal antibody)	0–20	U/mL
Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)	0–20	U/mL
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)	1–4	ng/mL
Anti-RNP (anti-U1-RNP) antibody	0–7	U/mL
Anti-Ro/SSA antibody	0–7	U/mL
Anti-Scl-70 (anti-topoisomerase I) antibody	0–7	U/mL
Anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibody	0–7	U/mL
Anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA)	0–40	titer
Anti-streptolysin O (ASO)	0–200	IU/mL
Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibodies (Anti-Tg)	0–40	IU/mL
Anticardiolipin antibody	0–20	GPL/MPL U/mL
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)	0–80	titer
Antithrombin III	80–120	%
Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG)	0–3	U/mL
Arterial blood gas (ABG)	0–0
Base excess	-2–2	mmol/L
Beta-2-microglobulin	1–2.4	mg/L
Beta-hCG	0–5	IU/L
Beta-hydroxybutyrate (blood ketones)	0–0.6	mmol/L
BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide)	0–100	pg/mL
CA 19-9	0–37	U/mL
CA 72-4	0–6.9	U/mL
CA-125	0–35	U/mL
Calcitonin	0–10	ng/L
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)	0–3	ng/mL
Ceruloplasmin	0.2–0.6	g/L
Chromium	0.05–0.5	µg/L
Chromogranin A	0–100	ng/mL
CK-MB	0–5	ng/mL
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)	0.5–1.5	µg/mL
Cold agglutinins	0–64	titer
Complement C3	90–180	mg/dL
Complement C4	10–40	mg/dL
Copper	11–22	umol/L
Cortisol	6–23	µg/dL
Creatine kinase (CK)	30–200	U/L
CTX (C-terminal telopeptide)	100–600	ng/L
CYFRA 21-1 (lung cancer marker)	0–3.3	ng/mL
Cytomegalovirus IgG (CMV IgG)	0–0	qualitative
D-dimer	0–500	ng/mL FEU
DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone)	1.3–9.8	ng/mL
DHEA-Sulfate (DHEA-S)	30–450	μg/dL
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)	30–85	ng/dL
Direct antiglobulin test (DAT / direct Coombs)	0–0	titer
EBV antibodies (Epstein-Barr virus serology)	0–0	qualitative
Estradiol (E2)	15–350	pg/mL
Estrone (E1)	-	pg/mL
Factor V Leiden	0–0	qualitative
Factor VIII	50–150	%
Fecal occult blood (FIT)	0–10	µg Hb/g
Fibrinogen	200–400	mg/dL
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)	1.5–12.4	mIU/mL
Free PSA (%free PSA)	0–0	%
Free testosterone	200–600	pmol/L
GAD-65 autoantibodies	0–5	IU/mL
Galectin-3	0–17.8	ng/mL
Growth Hormone (GH)	0–3	ng/mL
Haptoglobin	30–200	mg/dL
HE4 (human epididymis protein 4)	0–70	pmol/L
Helicobacter pylori antibody	0–20	U/mL
Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc)	0–0	qualitative
Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs)	0–10	mIU/mL
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)	0–0	qualitative
Hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV)	0–0	qualitative
HIV antigen/antibody test (4th generation)	0–0	qualitative
HLA-B27	-	positive/negative
Homocysteine	5–15	µmol/L
IgG4 (immunoglobulin G4)	0.03–2.01	g/L
Immature granulocytes (IG)	0–0.5	%
Immunoglobulin A (IgA)	0.7–4	g/L
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)	7–16	g/L
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)	0.4–2.3	g/L
Inhibin B	-	pg/mL
INR (prothrombin time)	0.8–1.2	ratio
Iodine (urinary)	100–299	µg/L
Lactate (lactic acid)	0.5–2.2	mmol/L
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)	140–280	U/L
Leptin	1–30	ng/mL
Lipase	10–60	U/L
Lupus anticoagulant	0–0	qualitative
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)	1.7–8.6	mIU/mL
Lyme antibody (Borrelia serology)	0–0	qualitative
Manganese	4–15	µg/L
Measles IgG (measles immunity)	0–0	index
Methylmalonic acid (MMA)	70–270	nmol/L
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)	0–470	pmol/L
Myoglobin	0–85	ng/mL
Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)	0–16.3	ng/mL
NT-proBNP	< 125	pg/mL
Osteocalcin	8–32	ng/mL
P1NP (procollagen type-1 N-propeptide)	15–80	ng/mL
Pepsinogen (I and II)	30–130	ng/mL
Plasma metanephrines	0–500	pmol/L
Pregnenolone	10–200	ng/dL
Progesterone (P4)	0.1–25	ng/mL
Prolactin	< 25	ng/mL
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)	0–4	ng/mL
Protein C	70–140	%
Protein S	65–140	%
Prothrombin gene mutation (Factor II G20210A)	0–0	qualitative
Prothrombin time (PT)	11–13.5	seconds
QuantiFERON-TB (interferon-gamma release assay)	0–0	IU/mL
Renin	0.5–4	ng/mL/h
Reticulocyte Count	0.5–2.5	%
Rheumatoid factor (RF)	0–14	IU/mL
Rubella IgG	0–0	qualitative
S100 (S100B)	0–0.1	µg/L
Selenium	0.9–1.6	umol/L
Serum free light chains (kappa/lambda ratio)	0.26–1.65	ratio
Serum osmolality	275–295	mOsm/kg
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)	0–0	g/L
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)	18–144	nmol/L
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC)	0–1.5	ng/mL
Syphilis RPR (rapid plasma reagin)	0–0	qualitative
Thymidine kinase (TK1)	0–5	U/L
Thyroglobulin (Tg)	3–40	ng/mL
Tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody (anti-tTG)	0–7	U/mL
Total IgE	0–100	IU/mL
Total Testosterone	300–1000	ng/dL
Toxoplasma IgG	0–0	qualitative
Troponin	< 0.04	ng/mL
Tryptase	0–11.4	µg/L
Urinalysis (urine test)	0–0
Urine culture	0–0	CFU/mL
Urine osmolality	50–1200	mOsm/kg
Urine protein (proteinuria)	0–150	mg/g
Urine specific gravity	1.005–1.03
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)	0–6.5	mg/24h
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)	0–30	pmol/L
Von Willebrand factor	50–150	%
Zinc	11–24	umol/L

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Reference ranges vary between laboratories, methods, age and sex. Always read your result against YOUR lab's printed range, with your doctor. This chart is general information, not a diagnosis.