Amylase
Amylase is a pancreatic enzyme. Sharp elevation (often 3× normal) is the classic biochemical signal of acute pancreatitis.
What it measures
Amylase is produced mainly by the pancreas and salivary glands and breaks dietary starch into sugars. In blood, it rises within hours when the pancreas is acutely inflamed and falls back over 3–5 days. Modern guidelines pair it with lipase — which stays elevated longer and is more specific — to diagnose acute pancreatitis (≥3× upper limit with consistent pain or imaging).
What a high value can mean
- Acute pancreatitis — gallstones and alcohol are the two dominant causes; values often 3–10× normal.
- Salivary gland pathology — mumps, parotitis, post-radiation; amylase up but lipase normal.
- Bowel obstruction or perforation — gut leakage into peritoneum.
- Macroamylasaemia — benign laboratory artefact.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis, kidney failure — modest elevations.
What a low value can mean
- Advanced chronic pancreatitis — gland burnt out, no enzyme to release.
- Cystic fibrosis — pancreatic insufficiency.
- Pancreatic resection or cancer at late stage — reduced functional tissue.
When to discuss with a doctor
Amylase above 3× the upper limit combined with epigastric pain radiating to the back is an emergency presentation — go to urgent care. Modest isolated elevations without symptoms are usually checked alongside lipase and abdominal imaging. Mediora.AI flags critical values; pancreatitis is a clinical-plus-imaging diagnosis, not a lab-alone one.