Understanding High Fecal Occult Blood Test (FIT) Results

Fecal occult blood testing (FIT) is a non-invasive test that checks for hidden blood in the stool. A high FIT result can be a cause for concern, as it may indicate bleeding somewhere in the digestive tract. Understanding what a high FIT result means and what to do next can help you make informed decisions about your health.

What is a Fecal Occult Blood Test (FIT)?

A fecal occult blood test (FIT) is a screening tool used to detect hidden (occult) blood in the stool. The presence of blood in the stool can sometimes be a sign of conditions such as colorectal cancer or polyps, which are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum. The test is simple and typically involves collecting a small stool sample at home, which is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Why Does Fecal Occult Blood (FIT) Matter?

Detecting blood in the stool is important because it can be an early sign of colorectal cancer, one of the most common types of cancer. Early detection through screening can lead to earlier treatment, which significantly improves the chances of successful outcomes. Besides cancer, other conditions such as ulcers, diverticulosis, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can also cause bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

Causes of High Fecal Occult Blood (FIT) Results

A high FIT result indicates the presence of blood in the stool. Several factors can cause this, including:

• Colorectal Cancer: Cancerous growths in the colon or rectum can bleed, leading to blood in the stool.
• Polyps: These are non-cancerous growths that can sometimes bleed, especially if they are large.
• Hemorrhoids: Swollen veins in the rectum or anus can cause bleeding, although this is usually visible and not occult.
• Gastrointestinal Ulcers: Ulcers in the stomach or intestines can bleed and result in blood in the stool.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation and bleeding in the digestive tract.

Symptoms Associated with High FIT Results

While a high FIT result itself does not cause symptoms, it is often associated with underlying conditions that can cause symptoms such as:

• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue or weakness due to anemia

What to Do If You Have a High FIT Result

If your FIT result is high, it is important to follow up with your healthcare provider. They may recommend further testing, such as a colonoscopy, to determine the cause of the bleeding. A colonoscopy is a procedure where a doctor uses a camera to look inside your colon and rectum for any abnormalities.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can a high FIT result be a false positive? Yes, certain factors like eating red meat or taking certain medications before the test can cause a false positive result. It's important to follow pre-test instructions carefully.

2. How often should I have a FIT test? The frequency of FIT testing depends on your age, risk factors, and healthcare provider's recommendations. Generally, it is recommended annually for those at average risk starting at age 50.

3. Is a high FIT result always indicative of cancer? No, a high FIT result does not necessarily mean cancer. It can be due to other conditions as well. Further testing is needed to determine the exact cause.

When to See a Doctor

You should consult a doctor if your FIT result is high, especially if you experience symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, persistent abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits. Early evaluation and diagnosis are crucial in addressing any underlying condition that may be contributing to the bleeding.

This article provides information to help you understand your lab results, but decisions about your health should always be made in consultation with your healthcare provider.