Patient-friendly explanations of lab markers, conditions and symptoms
Plain-language explanations across RU · EN · HE, written from standard clinical references.
Understanding Urine Protein: What Your Test Result Means
Learn about urine protein levels, what they indicate, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Hepatitis B Core Antibody (anti-HBc) Results
Hep B core antibody (anti-HBc) reactive? It means past or current hepatitis B infection, never vaccination. How to read it with HBsAg and anti-HBs.
Understanding Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (UACR) Results
Learn what your urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) test results mean and when they matter for kidney health.
Understanding Hepatitis C Antibody (Anti-HCV): What Your Blood-Test Result Means
Learn what a Hepatitis C antibody test result means and when it matters for your health.
Understanding HIV Antigen/Antibody Test (4th Generation)
Learn what your HIV antigen/antibody test results mean, and when to see a doctor.
Understanding Protein S: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about Protein S, its role in blood clotting, and how to interpret your test results.
Understanding Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Results
Learn what a Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test result means and its importance in diagnosing hepatitis B.
Understanding Antithrombin III: What Your Blood-Test Result Means
Antithrombin III helps regulate blood clotting. Learn what your test results mean and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Protein C: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about Protein C, a natural anticoagulant. Understand your test results and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Oxidized LDL: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) explained: what the oxidized cholesterol blood test measures, why there is no standard range, and what results mean.
Understanding Prothrombin Time: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about Prothrombin Time (PT), what it measures, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding BNP: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn what BNP levels indicate about heart health and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding LDL Particle Number (LDL-P): What Your Blood Test Result Means
LDL-P counts LDL particles, not their cholesterol. What a high LDL particle number means, normal ranges in nmol/L, causes and next steps.
Understanding Remnant Cholesterol: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn what remnant cholesterol is, why it matters, and how to interpret your blood test results.
Understanding Anti-mitochondrial Antibody (AMA) Test Results
Learn what an Anti-mitochondrial Antibody (AMA) test means and when it matters. Discover its role in diagnosing primary biliary cholangitis.
Understanding 17-Hydroxyprogesterone: What Your Blood Test Means
Learn about 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), its role in your body, and what your test results might indicate.
Understanding CTX (C-terminal telopeptide) Blood Test Results
CTX test (C-telopeptide): a fasting morning blood test of bone breakdown used to monitor osteoporosis treatment. Ranges, high and low CTX, and how to prepare.
Understanding TSH-Receptor Antibody (TRAb/TSI) Blood Test Results
Learn about TSH-receptor antibodies, their role in diagnosing Graves' disease, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Calcitonin: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about calcitonin, its normal range, and when elevated levels may indicate a health concern.
Understanding ANCA: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn what ANCA blood test results mean and when they matter. Understand the normal range and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Direct Bilirubin: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about direct bilirubin, its normal range, and what elevated levels may indicate.
Understanding Serum Free Light Chains: Kappa/Lambda Ratio Explained
Learn what the kappa/lambda ratio indicates, why it matters, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) Results
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is a blood test used to measure specific proteins in the blood. Learn what your results mean and when it matters.
Understanding Tissue Transglutaminase IgA Antibody (anti-tTG) Results
Learn what your tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody (anti-tTG) test result means and its significance in diagnosing coeliac disease.
Understanding Faecal Calprotectin: What Your Test Result Means
Faecal calprotectin is a marker used to assess inflammation in the intestines. Learn what your results mean and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Helicobacter pylori Antibody: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn what your Helicobacter pylori antibody blood test results mean and when they matter.
Understanding Basophils: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about basophils, their role in your body, and what your blood test results mean for your health.
Understanding MPV: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about MPV, a key blood test marker indicating platelet size, and why it matters for your health.
Understanding Transferrin Saturation: What Your Blood-Test Result Means
Transferrin saturation measures how much iron is carried by transferrin in your blood. Understanding your results can help diagnose iron-related conditions.
Understanding Anion Gap: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about the anion gap, its significance in blood tests, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Beta-2-Microglobulin: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about beta-2-microglobulin, its typical range, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding MCHC: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Explore what MCHC means in blood tests and when it matters for your health.
Understanding hs-CRP: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about hs-CRP, a marker for inflammation and cardiovascular risk, and what your blood test results mean.
Understanding Beta-hydroxybutyrate: What Your Blood Test Result Means
BHB (beta-hydroxybutyrate) is the main blood ketone. What the BHB test measures, normal levels (below 0.6 mmol/L) and causes of elevated levels.
Understanding Serum Osmolality: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about serum osmolality, a test that measures the concentration of dissolved particles in your blood, and its significance in assessing hydration and sodium disorders.
Understanding Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Blood Test Results
Learn what your vitamin C blood test result means, its role in the body, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Ammonia: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn what your ammonia blood test result means, why it matters, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding G6PD: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about G6PD, its role in protecting red blood cells, and what your test results mean.
Understanding Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1): What Your Blood Test Result Means
Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is a key protein in 'good' HDL cholesterol. Learn what your blood test results mean and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) blood-test results, their significance, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Selenium: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about selenium blood test results, why selenium matters, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Vitamin E (Tocopherol): What Your Blood-Test Result Means
Learn about vitamin E blood test results, their significance, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Vitamin K: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn what your vitamin K blood test results mean, why it matters, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Ceruloplasmin: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about ceruloplasmin, its role in your body, and what your blood test results may indicate.
Understanding Myoglobin: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about myoglobin blood tests, their importance, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Copper: What Your Blood-Test Result Means and When It Matters
Learn why copper levels matter, what the typical range is, and when to consult a doctor about your results.
Understanding Vitamin A (Retinol): What Your Blood-Test Result Means
Learn what your Vitamin A blood test result means and why it matters for your health.
Understanding Zinc: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn what your zinc blood test result means, why it matters, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Beta-hCG: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn what your Beta-hCG blood test result means, why it matters, and when to consult a doctor.
Understanding Free Testosterone: What Your Blood Test Result Means
Learn about free testosterone, its significance in your blood test, and when you should consult a doctor.
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About the Mediora article library
Mediora publishes plain-language medical articles in English, Russian and Hebrew - explaining lab markers, conditions and symptoms without the jargon, drawn from standard clinical references. They are educational; they don't replace personalised medical advice. Where a doctor has reviewed an article, that article names the reviewer and the date.
Frequently asked questions
Who writes these articles?
They are written from standard clinical references and kept deliberately plain. They are educational and do not replace a consultation. Where a doctor has reviewed an article, that article names the reviewer and the date of review.
What languages are available?
English, Russian and Hebrew - native explanations, not machine translations.
Do the articles replace a doctor?
No - they're educational. For decisions about your health, talk to a qualified clinician.